However, many other factors can also affect pupil dilation. It could be a result of hormonal changes. It remains unclear why pupil dilation might be involved in attraction. A study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences suggests that pupil size changes play a role in trust formation. There is also some evidence to suggest that pupil dilation may indicate trust. The study therefore suggests that hormonal changes could influence arousal and pupil dilation. This did not occur in women taking birth control pills. Women not taking birth control pills had dilated pupils while viewing arousing pictures during ovulation. Half of the women were taking hormonal birth control pills. One study recruited 14 women to view arousing pictures on a computer screen on different occasions. Pupil size also appears to respond to hormonal changes. The researchers found that it was possible to determine sexual interest from the size and darkness of the pupils. The team showed that bisexual men and heterosexual women had dilated pupils in response to erotic videos that included people of either sex.Īnother study, this time in the journal Evolution and Human Behavior, focused on associations between pupil dilation and sexual attraction. The study found that erotic videos led to pupil dilation in the participants. The researchers played erotic videos to the participants while monitoring their pupil size. Some research suggests that pupil dilation is one of these involuntary responses to arousal or attraction.įor example, one 2012 study recruited 325 men and women with varying sexual orientations.
The autonomic nervous system triggers various involuntary responses during emotions, such as fear or arousal. Changes in emotion might cause pupil dilation. This can be a result of the fight-or-flight response, which is involuntary.Įye contact has long been central to human interactions. In other cases, the pupil might change throughout the day.įor example, emotions such as anxiety may also cause changes in pupil size. For example, someone with congenital aniridia will have larger pupils all the time, due to a deficiency of the surrounding iris. In some cases, the pupils will dilate permanently. neurological conditions, such as Adie’s pupil.eye injuries that affect the iris muscles.medications and other drugs, such as alcohol.However, other factors can also cause pupils to increase in size, or dilate.
This is the same system that controls other automatic actions, such as breathing. The autonomic nervous system controls pupil size. When they get larger, this is known as pupil dilation.Ĭhanges in pupil size are involuntary.
When the pupils become smaller, this is known as pupil constriction. In bright settings, the pupils become smaller to prevent too much light from coming in. The pupils get smaller or larger depending on how much light is necessary to allow for good vision.įor example, the pupils increase with dim lighting to allow more light in and improve vision. This contains muscle fibers that control pupil size. The colored ring around the pupil is the iris. The pupils are small circular openings that control how much light enters the eyes. Share on Pinterest Dilated pupils may indicate attraction.
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